Celtic Coins (c.100BC-c.100AD)
The British Iron Age is a conventional name in the archaeology of Great Britain referring to the prehistoric and proto-historic phases of the Iron-Age culture of the main island and the smaller islands, typically excluding Ireland. more...
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The parallel phase of Irish archaeology is termed the Irish Iron Age, and similarly locally defined Iron Ages exist for many regions of Europe, such as the Danish Iron Age. The Iron Age is not an archaeological horizon of common artifacts, but is rather a locally diverse cultural phase. Whatever is said of the British Iron Age is not necessarily transferable to any other, and vice versa, except for the common preference for the use of iron.
The various Iron Ages have no common set of dates. The British Iron Age lasted in theory from the first significant use of iron for tools and weapons in Britain to the Romanization of the southern half of the island. The Romanized culture is termed Roman Britain and is considered to supplant the British Iron Age. This terminology should not be construed to mean that Roman Britain and the Romans there and elsewhere were not in the Iron Age. Although the beginnings of Iron Ages are generally well-defined by the replacement of iron for bronze or stone, the endings have no such physical basis of definition. Many consider civilization to be still in the Iron Age. By convention the Iron Age \"ends\" when a more salient basis for characterizing the culture becomes available, such as Roman occupation. The Irish Iron Age was \"ended\" by the rise of Christianity there.
The conquest of Britain by the literate Romans brought to light that the tribes populating the island belonged to a generally recognized identity called the Celtae. The British language became recognized as one of the group now known as Celtic languages. This identity must have formed in the centuries preceding the conquest; hence the term Celtic Britain for the period is an equally old and respected term. It also is conventional and should not be construed as meaning that Britain was not Celtic under the Romans or in later times or that no peoples other than Celtic lived in Britain anciently.
The term \"Celtic Iron Age\" is reserved for a hypothetical Celtic unity between the various Iron-age cultures of Europe. During its widest credence the Hallstatt culture and the La Tène as well as the British and Irish Iron Ages came under the umbrella of this term. That some of the Celtic tribes mentioned by Julius Caesar are to be associated with artifacts showing evidence of the La Tène is not in question. That all the Iron-age cultures of Europe share a substantial cultural unity and that this unity is to be identified with a real common ethnicity specifically termed Celtic has for the most part lost credibility. The critics claim that a unity has been doctored up a priori on little or no genuine evidence. The controversy continues with as yet no resolution acceptable to the mainstream of scholars.
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